Day: October 19, 2022

The author of 《Multiple-species hormetic phenomena induced by indole: A case study on the toxicity of indole to bacteria, algae and human cells》 were Sun, Haoyu; Zheng, Min; Song, Jinyuan; Huang, Shengyou; Pan, Yongzheng; Gong, Ruochong; Lin, Zhifen. And the article was published in Science of the Total Environment in 2019. Safety of 1H-Indole The author mentioned the following in the article:

Hormesis is a dose-response relationship phenomenon characterized by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition. Although hormetic phenomena have been reported in broadly ranging biol. areas, there is still no unified mechanism of hormesis. Investigating multiple-species hormesis of one compound and then exploring the possible mechanism may be an effective approach to clarify the reason for the occurrence of hormetic phenomena in a broad range of organisms. In this study, indole was selected as the test chem. due to the broad biol. and hormetic effects of indole compounds The results show that indole induces multiple-species hormetic phenomena in bacteria (Aliivibrio fischeri (A. fischeri), Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis), algae (Microcystis aeruginosa and Selenastrum capricornutum), and human cells (human skin fibroblasts and human cervical cancer cells). Through in-depth investigation of the time-dependent hormetic effects of indole, indole derivatives and indole’s structural analogs on the bioluminescence of A. fischeri, indole ring has been identified as the potential key structure that causes indole to act on quorum sensing of A. fischeri to induce hormetic effects on the bioluminescence at lag, logarithmic, and stationary phases. Therefore, the occurrence of multiple-species hormetic phenomena is speculated to be derived from the action of indole on the cell-to-cell communication of organism cells. This paper can not only further confirm the generalizability of hormesis but also provide a reasonable explanation for hormesis, which will benefit the development of hormesis and the risk assessment of environmental pollutants.1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9Safety of 1H-Indole) was used in this study.

1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9) belongs to indole. Indole, also called Benzopyrrole, a heterocyclic organic compound occurring in some flower oils, such as jasmine and orange blossom, in coal tar, and in fecal matter. It is used in perfumery and in making tryptophan, an essential amino acid, and indoleacetic acid (heteroauxin), a hormone that promotes the development of roots in plant cuttings.Safety of 1H-Indole

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

The author of 《Rotational spectra of indole in the lowest vibrational states》 were Vavra, K.; Lukova, K.; Kania, P.; Koucky, J.; Urban, S.. And the article was published in Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy in 2019. Synthetic Route of C8H7N The author mentioned the following in the article:

The millimetre- and submillimetre-wave rotational spectra of indole (C8H7N) have been recorded in several frequency regions from 140 to 715 GHz. Nearly 6000 rotational transitions corresponding to the ground and two vibrationally excited states ν42 and ν41 were assigned and analyzed using the A-reduced Hamiltonian. All newly measured transitions were fitted together with the previously published data yielding significantly improved rotational and centrifugal distortion constants Such highly precise mol. parameters could support future searches of the spectral features of indole in the interstellar medium as this mol. is the simplest prototype of polycyclic N-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons (PANHs), the possible sources of unidentified IR emission in the interstellar medium. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as 1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9Synthetic Route of C8H7N)

1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9) belongs to indole. Indole, also called Benzopyrrole, a heterocyclic organic compound occurring in some flower oils, such as jasmine and orange blossom, in coal tar, and in fecal matter. It is used in perfumery and in making tryptophan, an essential amino acid, and indoleacetic acid (heteroauxin), a hormone that promotes the development of roots in plant cuttings.Synthetic Route of C8H7N

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Begum, Bushra; Bilal, Salma; Shah, Anwar ul Haq Ali; Rose, Philipp published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《Physical, Chemical, and Electrochemical Properties of Redox-Responsive Polybenzopyrrole as Electrode Material for Faradaic Energy Storage》, and you may find the article in Polymers (Basel, Switzerland).Recommanded Product: 1H-Indole The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Polybenzopyrrole (Pbp) is an emerging candidate for electrochem. energy conversion and storage. There is a need to develop synthesis strategies for this class of polymers that can help improve its overall properties and make it as suitable for energy storage applications as other well-studied polymers in this substance class, such as polyaniline and polypyrrole. In this study, by synthesizing Pbp in surfactant-supported acidic medium, we were able to show that the physicochem. and electrochem. properties of Pbp-based electrodes are strongly influenced by the resp. polymerization conditions. Through appropriate optimization of various reaction parameters, a significant enhancement of the thermal stability (up to 549.9°C) and the electrochem. properties could be achieved. A maximum specific capacitance of 166.0 ± 2.0 F g-1 with an excellent cycle stability of 87% after 5000 cycles at a c.d. of 1 A g-1 was achieved. In addition, a particularly high-power d. of 2.75 kW kg-1 was obtained for this polybenzopyrrole, having a gravimetric energy d. of 17 Wh kg-1. The results show that polybenzopyrroles are suitable candidates to compete with other conducting polymers as electrode materials for next-generation Faradaic supercapacitors. In addition, the results of the current study can also be easily applied to other systems and used for adaptations or new syntheses of advanced hybrid/composite Pbp-based electrode materials.1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9Recommanded Product: 1H-Indole) was used in this study.

1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9) belongs to indole. Indole, also called Benzopyrrole, a heterocyclic organic compound occurring in some flower oils, such as jasmine and orange blossom, in coal tar, and in fecal matter. It is used in perfumery and in making tryptophan, an essential amino acid, and indoleacetic acid (heteroauxin), a hormone that promotes the development of roots in plant cuttings.Recommanded Product: 1H-Indole

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Application In Synthesis of 5-Fluoro-1H-indoleIn 2019 ,《Re-Catalyzed Annulations of Weakly Coordinating N-Carbamoyl Indoles/Indolines with Alkynes via C-H/C-N Bond Cleavage》 appeared in Chemistry – A European Journal. The author of the article were Yang, Yunhui; Wang, Congyang. The article conveys some information:

A rhenium-catalyzed [3+2] annulations of N-carbamoyl indoles with alkynes via C-H/C-N bond cleavage, provided rapid access to fused-ring pyrroloindolone derivs I [R1 = H, 6-F, 7-Br, etc.; R2 = R3 = Ph, 4-MeC6H4, 1-naphthyl, etc.]. For the first time, the weakly coordinating O-directing group was successfully employed in rhenium-catalyzed C-H activation reactions, enabled by the unique catalytic ratio of Re2(CO)10, Me2Zn and ZnCl2. Mechanistic studies revealed that aminozinc species played an important role in the reaction. Based on the mechanistic understanding, a more powerful catalytic ratio of Re2(CO)10, [MeZnNPh2]2 and Zn(OTf)2 was devised and applied successfully in the [4+2] annulations of indolines and alkynes affording pyrroloquinolinone derivs II. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found 5-Fluoro-1H-indole(cas: 399-52-0Application In Synthesis of 5-Fluoro-1H-indole)

5-Fluoro-1H-indole(cas: 399-52-0) is a member of aromaticfluorinated building blocks. Depending on which substituents are present, fluoroaromatic intermediates can be converted into fluorinated or fluorine-free commercial end products.Fluorine-containing aromatics have been incorporated into drugs (hypnotics, tranquilizers, antiinflammatory agents, analgesics, antibacterials).Application In Synthesis of 5-Fluoro-1H-indole

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Application In Synthesis of 5-Fluoro-1H-indoleIn 2019 ,《Catalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Indoles to para-Quinone Methide Derivatives》 appeared in Journal of Organic Chemistry. The author of the article were Wang, Jin-Rong; Jiang, Xiao-Li; Hang, Qing-Qing; Zhang, Shu; Mei, Guang-Jian; Shi, Feng. The article conveys some information:

A catalytic asym. conjugate addition of indoles to o-hydroxyphenyl substituted p-quinone methides has been established in the presence of chiral phosphoric acid, which afforded chiral indole-containing triarylmethanes in generally high yields (54-98%) and good enantioselectivities (90:10-96:4 enantiomeric ratio). The control experiments indicated that o-hydroxyphenyl substituted p-quinone methides had a high possibility to transform into o-quinone methides in the presence of chiral phosphoric acid, and the formation of o-quinone methides might be a necessity for the reaction. This reaction will not only contribute to the research field of catalytic asym. transformations of p-quinone methides and o-quinone methides but also provide a useful method for the construction of enantioenriched triarylmethane frameworks. In addition to this study using 5-Fluoro-1H-indole, there are many other studies that have used 5-Fluoro-1H-indole(cas: 399-52-0Application In Synthesis of 5-Fluoro-1H-indole) was used in this study.

5-Fluoro-1H-indole(cas: 399-52-0) is a member of aromaticfluorinated building blocks. Depending on which substituents are present, fluoroaromatic intermediates can be converted into fluorinated or fluorine-free commercial end products.Fluorine-containing aromatics have been incorporated into drugs (hypnotics, tranquilizers, antiinflammatory agents, analgesics, antibacterials).Application In Synthesis of 5-Fluoro-1H-indole

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Computed Properties of C8H6FNIn 2019 ,《Synergistic Dual Role of [hmim]Br-ArSO2Cl in Cascade Sulfenylation-Halogenation of Indole: Mechanistic Insight into Regioselective C-S and C-S/C-X (X = Cl and Br) Bond Formation in One Pot》 was published in Journal of Organic Chemistry. The article was written by Equbal, Danish; Singh, Richa; Saima; Lavekar, Aditya G.; Sinha, Arun K.. The article contains the following contents:

Bifunctionalized indoles are an important class of biol. active heterocyclic compounds and potential drug candidates. Because of the lack of efficient synthetic methods, one pot cascade synthesis of these compounds is rare and remains a challenge. To expand this field, we herein disclose a step-economical and temperature tunable strategy wherein the synergistic effect between [hmim]Br-ArSO2Cl leads exclusively to the formation of 3-arylthio indole via sulfenylation of indole at room temperature, while heating the reaction mixture at 50 °C provided an unexpected 2-halo-3-arylthio indole with construction of C-S and C-S/C-X (X = Cl and Br) bonds without addition of any external halogenating agent via cascade sulfenylation-halogenation reactions under metal-oxidant-base-free conditions. Further, insight into the reaction mechanism provides an unprecedented observation wherein the synergistic interaction between [hmim]Br-ArSO2X in the presence of a catalytic amount of water generates arylsulfonic anhydride (ArSO2)2O in situ as a new sulfur source along with the formation of [hmim]PTS as probed by NMR, ESI-MS, DART-MS, and HPLC studies. Notably, the mixture of bifunctionalized 2-halo(Br/Cl)-3-arylthio indole was smoothly diversified with privileged heterocycle triazole to provide 2-(1H-triazole-1-yl)-3-arylthio indole, which is an analog of the potent indole-based anticancer agent. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Fluoro-1H-indole(cas: 399-52-0Computed Properties of C8H6FN)

5-Fluoro-1H-indole(cas: 399-52-0) is a member of aromaticfluorinated building blocks. Depending on which substituents are present, fluoroaromatic intermediates can be converted into fluorinated or fluorine-free commercial end products.Fluorine-containing aromatics have been incorporated into drugs (hypnotics, tranquilizers, antiinflammatory agents, analgesics, antibacterials).Computed Properties of C8H6FN

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Electric Literature of C8H7ClN2On November 30, 2006 ,《Chemistry and biology of a series of antitumor sulfonamides: exploiting transcriptomic and quantitative proteomic analyses for exploring drug gable chemical space》 appeared in Yuki Gosei Kagaku Kyokaishi. The author of the article were Owa, Takashi. The article conveys some information:

Sulfolnamide-focused compound libraries have been synthesized in our laboratories for biol. evaluation using antitumor phenotypic screens such as cancer cell proliferation assay, flow cytometric cell cycle anal., and rat aorta tube formation assay. Among thousands of sulfonamide compounds evaluated, E7010 (a microtubule depolymerizing agent), E7070 (a G1 phase cell cycle inhibitor), and E7820 (an antiangiogenesis agent) have progressed to clin. trials, thereby demonstrating some objective responses in cancer patients so far. The sequential discovery of these drug candidates allowed us to carry out a research approach of forward chem. genetics, in which phenotypically bioactive compounds are selected from a large collection of small mols. and then utilized for understanding the functions of their protein partners and relevant biol. pathways via target identification. This paper describes our attempt using oligonucleotide microarray and quant. proteomic analyses not only for identifying drug targets and downstream pathways applicable to biomarkers but also for exploring drug gable chem. space in medicinal chem. research. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Chloro-1H-indol-7-amine(cas: 292636-12-5Electric Literature of C8H7ClN2)

4-Chloro-1H-indol-7-amine(cas: 292636-12-5) belongs to anime. Amine, any member of a family of nitrogen-containing organic compounds that is derived, either in principle or in practice, from ammonia (NH3). Naturally occurring amines include the alkaloids, which are present in certain plants; the catecholamine neurotransmitters (i.e., dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine); and a local chemical mediator, histamine, that occurs in most animal tissues.Electric Literature of C8H7ClN2

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Electric Literature of C22H25NO9SOn October 31, 2000 ,《Synthesis of the key disaccharide of 3′-Sulfo Lewis X and Lewis A: the novel E-selectin ligand》 appeared in Synthetic Communications. The author of the article were Chowdhury, U. S.. The article conveys some information:

Benzyl 2,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (I) was synthesized from regioselective protection of stannylated benzyl 2,6-di-O-benzyl -β-D-galactopyranoside with 4-methoxybenzyl chloride, followed by benzylation and oxidative removal of the temporary protecting group. The disaccharide II was prepared by condensation of the common acceptor I and III through thiol activation as well as with IV following Konigs Knorr procedure. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-β-D-thioglucopyranoside(cas: 99409-32-2Electric Literature of C22H25NO9S)

Ethyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-β-D-thioglucopyranoside(cas: 99409-32-2) belongs to indole.The indole subunit is an almost ubiquitous component of biologically active natural products, and its study has been the focus of research for decades.Electric Literature of C22H25NO9SThey are capable of binding to a variety of receptors with high affinity and thus have applications in a wide range of therapeutic areas. Due to this activity, the indole ring system has become an important component or intermediate in the synthesis of heterocycles.

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Name: Ethyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-β-D-thioglucopyranosideOn March 31, 1991, Peters, Thomas; Weimar, Thomas published an article in Liebigs Annalen der Chemie. The article was 《Improved synthesis of α-L-Fuc(1 → 4)-β-D-GlcNAc and α-L-Fuc(1 → 6)-β-D-GlcNAc building blocks: a convergent strategy employing 4-O → 6-O acetyl migration; NOE data on protected α-1,4-linked disaccharides》. The article mentions the following:

The synthesis of the two thioethyl disaccharide building blocks I (R1 = PhCH2, R2 = Ac, R3 = phthalimido, R4 = SEt) and II (same R1-R4) was achieved via coupling of fucosyl bromide III with the acceptor alcs. IV (R5 = Ac, R6 = H) and IV (R5 = H, R6 = Ac) under in situ anomerization conditions. The selectively protected 2-deoxy-2-phthalimidoglucose derivative IV (R5 = H, R6 = Ac) was derived from by utilizing an optimized acetyl migration reaction. The thioethyl function in disaccharides I and II was activated with bromine, and excess bromine was removed with cyclohexene. The sensitive 1,6-linkage in the disaccharide I proved to be stable under these activating conditions. The disaccharide bromides I (R1 = CH2Ph, R2 = Ac, R3 = phthalimido, R4 = Br) and II (R1 = CH2Ph, R2 = Ac, R3 = phthalimidi, R4 = Br) were treated with methanol to afford after deblocking the Me glycosides I (R1 = R2 = H, R3 = AcNH, R4 = OMe) and II (R1 = R2 = H, R3 = AcNH, R4 = OMe). Homonuclear 1H-NOE data were obtained for the protected 1,4-linked disaccharide II (R1 = PhCH2, R2 = Ac, R3 = phthalimido, R4 = SEt) suggesting that its preferred solution conformation is rather similar to the solution conformation of the deblocked disaccharide II (R1 = R2 = H, R3 = AcNH, R4 = OMe) in aqueous solution as known from literature data. In the experiment, the researchers used Ethyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-β-D-thioglucopyranoside(cas: 99409-32-2Name: Ethyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-β-D-thioglucopyranoside)

Ethyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-β-D-thioglucopyranoside(cas: 99409-32-2) belongs to indole.The indole subunit is an almost ubiquitous component of biologically active natural products, and its study has been the focus of research for decades.Name: Ethyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-β-D-thioglucopyranosideThey are capable of binding to a variety of receptors with high affinity and thus have applications in a wide range of therapeutic areas. Due to this activity, the indole ring system has become an important component or intermediate in the synthesis of heterocycles.

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

《CRISPR based targeted genome editing of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using programmed Cas9-gRNA ribonucleoprotein》 was published in Molecular Biology Reports in 2020. These research results belong to Dhokane, Dhananjay; Bhadra, Bhaskar; Dasgupta, Santanu. Recommanded Product: 399-52-0 The article mentions the following:

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) – Cas associated protein 9 (Cas9) system is very precise, efficient and relatively simple in creating genetic modifications at a predetermined locus in the genome. Genome editing with Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) has reduced cytotoxic effects, off-target cleavage and increased on-target activity and the editing efficiencies. The unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is an emerging model for studying the production of high-value products for industrial applications. Development of C. reinhardtii as an industrial biotechnol. host can be achieved more efficiently through genetic modifications using genome editing tools. We made an attempt to target MAA7 gene that encodes the tryptophan synthase β-Subunit using CRISPR-Cas9 RNPs to demonstrate knock-out and knock-in through homol.-dependent repair template at the target site. In this study, we have demonstrated targeted gene knock-out in C. reinhardtii using programmed RNPs. Targeted editing of MAA7 gene was confirmed by sequencing the clones that were resistant to 5-Fluoroindole (5-FI). Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair mechanism led to insertion, deletion, and/or base substitution in the Cas9 cleavage vicinity, encoding non-functional MAA7 protein product (knock-out), conferring resistance to 5-FI. Here, we report an efficient protocol for developing knock-out mutants in Chlamydomonas using CRISPR-Cas9 RNPs. The high potential efficiency of editing may also eliminate the need to select mutants by phenotype. These research findings would be more likely applied to other green algae for developing green cell factories to produce high-value mols. The experimental process involved the reaction of 5-Fluoro-1H-indole(cas: 399-52-0Recommanded Product: 399-52-0)

5-Fluoro-1H-indole(cas: 399-52-0) is a member of aromaticfluorinated building blocks. Fluorine-containing aromatics have been incorporated into crop-protection chemicals (herbicides, insecticides, fungicides). Liquid crystals, positron emission tomography, and imaging systems represent new areas where fluoroaromatics and fluoroheterocyclics have gained attention.Recommanded Product: 399-52-0

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles