120-72-9 | - Page 3 of 11 - Indole Building Blocks

Anjitha, T.’s team published research in Polymer Composites in 2019 | CAS: 120-72-9

1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9) belongs to indole. Indole, also called Benzopyrrole, a heterocyclic organic compound occurring in some flower oils, such as jasmine and orange blossom, in coal tar, and in fecal matter. It is used in perfumery and in making tryptophan, an essential amino acid, and indoleacetic acid (heteroauxin), a hormone that promotes the development of roots in plant cuttings.Recommanded Product: 120-72-9

Recommanded Product: 120-72-9In 2019 ,《Zinc ferrite @ polyindole nanocomposites: synthesis, characterization and gas sensing applications》 appeared in Polymer Composites. The author of the article were Anjitha, T.; Anilkumar, T.; Mathew, G.; Ramesan, M. T.. The article conveys some information:

This research work deals with the synthesis and characterization of polyindole (PIN)/zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) nanocomposite. In situ polymerization of indole with different contents of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles has been employed in the work. Structural, morphol., thermal, gas sensing and elec. properties of the prepared composites have been evaluated. The shifting of peaks in the fourier transform IR and UV-visible spectrum has been found to reveal the interaction of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles with the PIN matrix. Crystalline nature of the nanocomposites resulting from the presence of crystalline (ZnFe2O4) has been revealed by X-ray diffraction studies (XRD). Scanning electron microscope and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images revealed the uniform dispersion of nanoparticles at lower loading while at 15 % there are particle agglomerations. Improved thermal stability with the addition of (ZnFe2O4) nanoparticles in PIN has been confirmed by thermogravimetry while the enhancement in glass transition temperature of the nanocomposite with respect to pure polymer has been confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry. The addition of nanoparticles greatly enhanced the a.c. and d.c. conductivity, the dielec. constant and dielec. loss of PIN. The composite with 7 % shows the maximum properties. The fabricated composites showed excellent sensitivity and fast response to ammonia gas at room temperature Thus the study reveals that the PIN/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposites can be considered as a potential candidate for the applications in sensors and nanoelectronic devices. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9Recommanded Product: 120-72-9)

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Kim, Woo H.’s team published research in Frontiers in Immunology in 2019 | CAS: 120-72-9

In 2019,Frontiers in Immunology included an article by Kim, Woo H.; Lillehoj, Hyun S.; Min, Wongi. Application In Synthesis of 1H-Indole. The article was titled 《Indole treatment alleviates intestinal tissue damage induced by chicken coccidiosis through activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

In the present study, we examined the effects of dietary indoles, 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) and indole-3-carbinol (I3C), on CD4+T cell population and functions in chickens. Furthermore, the effects of dietary DIM treatment on chicken coccidiosis caused by an apicomplexan parasite were investigated. Dietary treatment of healthy chickens with DIM and I3C induced increased CD4+CD25+ (Treg) cells and the mRNA expression of IL-10, while decreasing number of CD4+IL-17A+ (Th17) cells and Th17-related cytokines transcripts expression in the intestine. In addition, we explored the role of AhR in indole-treated splenic lymphocytes by using AhR antagonist and our results suggested that DIM is a ligand for chicken AhR. In chicken coccidiosis, treatment of DIM increased the ratio of Treg/Th17 cells and significantly reduced intestinal lesion although no significant changes in body weight and fecal oocyst production were noted compared to non-treated control group. These results indicate that DIM is likely to affect the ratios of Treg/Th17 reducing the level of local inflammatory response induced by Eimeria or facilitate repairing process of inflamed gut following Eimeria infection. The results described herein are thus consistent with the concept that AhR ligand modulates the T cell immunity through the alteration of Treg/Th17 cells with Treg dominance. To our knowledge, present study is the first scientific report showing the effects of dietary indole on T cell immunity in poultry species. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as 1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9Application In Synthesis of 1H-Indole)

Zhang, Shanshan’s team published research in Scientific Reports in 2022 | CAS: 120-72-9

Zhang, Shanshan; Yang, Qian; Fu, Songzhe; Janssen, Colin R.; Eggermont, Mieke; Defoirdt, Tom published an article in 2022. The article was titled 《Indole decreases the virulence of the bivalve model pathogens Vibrio tasmaniensis LGP32 and Vibrio crassostreae J2-9》, and you may find the article in Scientific Reports.COA of Formula: C8H7N The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Abstract: Indole signaling plays an important role in bacterial pathogenesis. In this study, the impact of indole on biofilm formation, swimming and swarming motility were explored in Vibrio tasmaniensis LGP32 and Vibrio crassostreae J2-9, two model pathogens of bivalves. The results showed that indole decreased swimming and swarming motility in both strains, and decreased biofilm formation in V. crassostreae J2-9. Furthermore, indole affected a large number of genes at RNA level, including genes related to metabolism, ABC transporters, flagellar assembly, chemotaxis, and response regulators. Finally, the bacterial virulence towards mussel larvae was decreased by pretreatment with indole in both V. tasmaniensis LGP32 and V. crassostreae J2-9. After 5 days, the survival rate of mussel larvae increased 2.4-fold and 2.8-fold in mussel larvae challenged with V. tasmaniensis LGP32 pretreated with 200 μM and 500 μM indole, resp. The survival rate of mussel larvae increased 1.5-fold and 1.9-fold in mussel larvae challenged with V. crassostreae J2-9 pretreated with 200 μM and 500 μM indole, resp. These data indicate that indole has a significant impact on the virulence of V. tasmaniensis LGP32 and V. crassostreae J2-9, and indole signaling could be a promising target for antivirulence therapy. The experimental process involved the reaction of 1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9COA of Formula: C8H7N)

Liu, Cuixia’s team published research in Bioresource Technology in 2019 | CAS: 120-72-9

In 2019,Bioresource Technology included an article by Liu, Cuixia; Duan, Xuejun; Chen, Qishi; Chao, Cong; Lu, Zhenghao; Lai, Qingji; Megharaj, Mallavarapu. HPLC of Formula: 120-72-9. The article was titled 《Investigations on pyrolysis of microalgae Diplosphaera sp. MM1 by TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS: Products and kinetics》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

In this work, pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of microalgae Diplosphaera sp. MM1 cultivated in different mediums were investigated by TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS. Harvested MM1s biomass varied with the changing in proximate and ultimate analyses presented different weight loss behaviors. The weight loss of MM1s cultivated in dairy and winery wastewater in main pyrolysis region was ∼48.4 wt% and ∼52.9 wt%, resp., and both showed secondary weight loss after 570°C. However, MM1 harvested from BG-11 medium exhibited maximum weight loss of ∼63.5 wt% and no secondary weight loss. Further, the activation energies of MM1s harvested from dairy and winery wastewater (176.3 kJ/mol and 130.4 kJ/mol, resp.) were lower than that of BG-11medium (189.4 kJ/mol). The best mechanism function for MM1s pyrolysis was third-order f(α) = (1-α)3. Py-GC/MS results of MM1 cultivated in winery wastewater showed highest contents of C4-C10 and C11-C21 that characterized the carbon level of gasoline and diesel, resp., which are the major components of bio-oils. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as 1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9HPLC of Formula: 120-72-9)

Zarkan, Ashraf’s team published research in Scientific Reports in 2019 | CAS: 120-72-9

The author of 《Indole Pulse Signalling Regulates the Cytoplasmic pH of E. coli in a Memory-Like Manner》 were Zarkan, Ashraf; Cano-Muniz, Santiago; Zhu, Jinbo; Al Nahas, Kareem; Cama, Jehangir; Keyser, Ulrich F.; Summers, David K.. And the article was published in Scientific Reports in 2019. Computed Properties of C8H7N The author mentioned the following in the article:

Bacterial cells are critically dependent upon pH regulation. Here we demonstrate that indole plays a critical role in the regulation of the cytoplasmic pH of Escherichia coli. Indole is an aromatic mol. with diverse signalling roles. Two modes of indole signalling have been described: persistent and pulse signalling. The latter is illustrated by the brief but intense elevation of intracellular indole during stationary phase entry. We show that under conditions permitting indole production, cells maintain their cytoplasmic pH at 7.2. In contrast, under conditions where no indole is produced, the cytoplasmic pH is near 7.8. We demonstrate that pH regulation results from pulse, rather than persistent, indole signalling. Furthermore, we illustrate that the relevant property of indole in this context is its ability to conduct protons across the cytoplasmic membrane. Addnl., we show that the effect of the indole pulse that occurs normally during stationary phase entry in rich medium remains as a “”memory”” to maintain the cytoplasmic pH until entry into the next stationary phase. The indole-mediated reduction in cytoplasmic pH may explain why indole provides E. coli with a degree of protection against stresses, including some bactericidal antibiotics. The experimental process involved the reaction of 1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9Computed Properties of C8H7N)

Zhong, Qiaoshi’s team published research in Scientific Reports in 2019 | CAS: 120-72-9

The author of 《Profiles of volatile indole emitted by Escherichia coli based on CDI-MS》 were Zhong, Qiaoshi; Cheng, Feng; Liang, Juchao; Wang, Xiaozhong; Chen, Yanhui; Fang, Xueyao; Hu, Longhua; Hang, Yaping. And the article was published in Scientific Reports in 2019. SDS of cas: 120-72-9 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Escherichia coli is an important pathogen of nosocomial infection in clin. research, Thus, exploring new methods for the rapid detection of this pathogen is urgent. We reported the early release of mol. volatile indole vapor of E. coli cultures and blood cultures analyzed by direct atm. corona discharge ionization mass spectrometry (CDI-MS). The concentration of indole in E. coli cultures remarkably increases during the early log and lag phases of bacterial growth, thereby enabling early detection. Tech. replicates were cultivated for 3 days for reference diagnosis using current conventional bacteremia detection. A reference MS screen of common microbes from other genera confirmed that the peaks at m/z 116 signal corresponded to indole were specifically present in E. coli. Our results indicated that volatile indole based on CDI-MS without the need for any sample pretreatment is highly suitable for the reliable and cost-efficient differentiation of E. coli, especially for bacteremia in humans. The experimental process involved the reaction of 1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9SDS of cas: 120-72-9)

Gryp, Tessa’s team published research in Kidney International in 2020 | CAS: 120-72-9

Application of 120-72-9In 2020 ,《Gut microbiota generation of protein-bound uremic toxins and related metabolites is not altered at different stages of chronic kidney disease》 appeared in Kidney International. The author of the article were Gryp, Tessa; De Paepe, Kim; Vanholder, Raymond; Kerckhof, Frederiek-Maarten; Van Biesen, Wim; Van de Wiele, Tom; Verbeke, Francis; Speeckaert, Marijn; Joossens, Marie; Couttenye, Marie Madeleine; Vaneechoutte, Mario; Glorieux, Griet. The article conveys some information:

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by accumulation of protein-bound uremic toxins such as p-cresyl sulfate, p-cresyl glucuronide, indoxyl sulfate and indole-3-acetic acid, which originate in the gut. Intestinal bacteria metabolize aromatic amino acids into p-cresol and indole, (further conjugated in the colon mucosa and liver) and indole-3-acetic acid. Here we measured fecal, plasma and urine metabolite concentrations; the contribution of gut bacterial generation to plasma protein-bound uremic toxins accumulation; and influx into the gut of circulating protein-bound uremic toxins at different stages of CKD. Feces, blood and urine were collected from 14 control individuals and 141 patients with CKD. Solutes were quantified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatog. To assess the rate of bacterial generation of p-cresol, indole and indole-3-acetic acid, fecal samples were cultured ex vivo. With CKD progression, an increase in protein-bound uremic toxins levels was observed in plasma, whereas the levels of these toxins and their precursors remained the same in feces and urine. Anaerobic culture of fecal samples showed no difference in ex vivo p-cresol, indole and indole-3-acetic acid generation. Therefore, differences in plasma protein-bound uremic toxins levels between different CKD stages cannot be explained by differences in bacterial generation rates in the gut, suggesting retention due to impaired kidney function as the main contributor to their increased plasma levels. Thus, as fractional clearance decreased with the progression of CKD, tubular clearance appeared to be more affected than the glomerular filtration rate, and there was no net increase in protein-bound uremic toxins influx into the gut lumen with increased plasma levels. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9Application of 120-72-9)

Sahoo, Manoj K.’s team published research in Green Chemistry in 2019 | CAS: 120-72-9

HPLC of Formula: 120-72-9In 2019 ,《Room temperature catalytic dehydrogenation of cyclic amines with the liberation of H2 using water as a solvent》 appeared in Green Chemistry. The author of the article were Sahoo, Manoj K.; Balaraman, Ekambaram. The article conveys some information:

Catalytic dehydrogenation of cyclic amines, in particular partially saturated N-heterocycles to N-heterocyclic arenes, quinolines, indolines and quinoxalines with the removal of mol. hydrogen as the sole byproduct in water was reported. This dehydrogenation reaction proceeded smoothly under very mild and benign conditions and operates at room temperature This distinctive reactivity was achieved under dual catalytic conditions by merging the visible-light active [Ru(bpy)3]2+ as the photoredox catalyst and a newly synthesized cobalt complex as the proton-reduction catalyst. A detailed mechanistic study (control experiments, electrochem. studies, UV-visible experiments) was presented for the present dual catalysis. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9HPLC of Formula: 120-72-9)

Seetasang, Sasikarn’s team published research in ACS Sensors in 2022 | CAS: 120-72-9

In 2022,Seetasang, Sasikarn; Kaneta, Takashi published an article in ACS Sensors. The title of the article was 《Dip-and-Read, Organic Solvent-Compatible, Paper-Based Analytical Devices Equipped with Chromatographic Separation for Indole Analysis in Shrimp》.Related Products of 120-72-9 The author mentioned the following in the article:

We developed an organic solvent-compatible paper-based anal. device (PAD) for the quant. anal. of indole, which is an indicator of shrimp freshness. Although indole is insoluble in water, Et acetate is a suitable solvent to dissolve and extract indole from shrimp. The PADs are fabricated using a cutting method that allows the use of an organic solvent because no hydrophobic barrier is needed to form fluidic channels. Ehrlich’s reagent consists of 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde and p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and was deposited onto the reaction zone of the PAD followed by lamination to prevent evaporation of the Et acetate. Samples are introduced into the PAD via immersion in organic sample solutions When the PAD is immersed into an indole solution of Et acetate in a closed bottle, the sample solution penetrates the channel of the PAD and successively flows into the detection zone to form a hydrophilic colored product. The PADs provide a linear relationship between the logarithm of the indole concentration and the color intensity within a range of 1.0-20 ppm with correlation coefficients of r2 > 0.99. The limits of detection and quantification are 0.36 and 0.71 ppm, resp. Relative standard deviations for both the intraday (n = 2) and interday (n = 3) precision were less than 2.5%. In the indole anal. of shrimp, the PADs separated the interfering orange-colored astaxanthin in the extract from the colored product of indole via the paper chromatog. principle. We used the PADs to investigate the degradation of shrimp, and the results showed a rapid increase in the indole level after 7 days. High-performance liquid chromatog. verified the accuracy of the PADs by showing good agreement with the obtained indole levels. In the experiment, the researchers used 1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9Related Products of 120-72-9)

Liu, Rui’s team published research in Microbes and Infection in 2022 | CAS: 120-72-9

In 2022,Liu, Rui; Gao, Daqing; Fang, Zhengzou; Zhao, Lijiang; Xu, Zeyan; Qin, Chuyu; Zhang, Ruolan; Xu, Jinfeng; Lu, Chengping published an article in Microbes and Infection. The title of the article was 《AroC, a chorismate synthase, is required for the formation of Edwardsiella tarda biofilms》.COA of Formula: C8H7N The author mentioned the following in the article:

Biofilms contribute to the resistance of Edwardsiella tarda to antibiotics and host immunity. AroC in the shikimate pathway produces chorismate to synthesize crucial intermediates such as indole. In this study, the differences between biofilms produced by aroC mutants (aroC), wild-type (WT) strains, and aroC complementary strains (CaroC) were detected both in vitro with 96-well plates, tubes, or coverslips and in vivo using a mouse model of s.c. implants. When examining potential mechanisms, we found that the diameters of the movement rings in soft agar plates and the flagellar sizes and numbers determined by silver staining were all lower for aroC than for WT and CaroC. Moreover, qRT-PCR showed that the transcription levels of flagellar synthesis genes, fliA and fliC, were reduced in aroC. AroC, FliC, or FliA may accompany the motility of aroC strains. In addition, compared with the WT and CaroC, the amounts of indole in aroC were significantly decreased. Notably, the formation of biofilms by these strains could be promoted by exogenous indole. Therefore, the aroC gene could affect the biofilm formation of E. tarda concerning its impact on flagella and indole.1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9COA of Formula: C8H7N) was used in this study.