120-72-9 | - Page 9 of 11 - Indole Building Blocks

Kaur, Kamalpreet’s team published research in Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry in 2020 | CAS: 120-72-9

1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9) belongs to indole. Indole, also called Benzopyrrole, a heterocyclic organic compound occurring in some flower oils, such as jasmine and orange blossom, in coal tar, and in fecal matter. It is used in perfumery and in making tryptophan, an essential amino acid, and indoleacetic acid (heteroauxin), a hormone that promotes the development of roots in plant cuttings.Recommanded Product: 1H-Indole

Recommanded Product: 1H-IndoleIn 2020 ,《Recent Development in Indole Derivatives as Anticancer Agents for Breast Cancer》 appeared in Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. The author of the article were Kaur, Kamalpreet; Jaitak, Vikas. The article conveys some information:

A review. Background: Breast Cancer (BC) is the second most common cause of cancer related deaths in women. Due to severe side effects and multidrug resistance, current therapies like hormonal therapy, surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy become ineffective. Also, the existing drugs for BC treatment are associated with several drawbacks such as poor oral bioavailability, non-selectivity and poor pharmacodynamics properties. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of more effective and safer anti BC agents. Objective: This article explored in detail the possibilities of indole-based heterocyclic compounds as anticancer agents with breast cancer as their major target. Methods: Recent literature related to indole derivatives endowed with encouraging anti BC potential is reviewed. With special focus on BC, this review offers a detailed account of multiple mechanisms of action of various indole derivatives: aromatase inhibitor, tubulin inhibitor, microtubule inhibitor, targeting estrogen receptor, DNA-binding mechanism, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of PI3K/AkT/NFkB/mTOR, and HDAC inhibitors, by which these derivatives have shown promising anticancer potential. Results: Exhaustive literature survey indicated that indole derivatives are associated with properties of inducing apoptosis and disturbing tubulin assembly. Indoles are also associated with the inhibition of NFkB/mTOR/PI3K/AkT and regulation of estrogen-mediated activity. Furthermore, indole derivatives have been found to modulate critical targets such as topoisomerase and HDAC. These derivatives have shown significant activity against breast cancer cells. Conclusion: In BC, indole derivatives seem to be quite competent and act through various mechanisms that are well established in case of BC. This review has shown that indole derivatives can further be explored for the betterment of BC chemotherapy. A lot of potential is still hidden which demands to be discovered for upgrading BC chemotherapy. In addition to this study using 1H-Indole, there are many other studies that have used 1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9Recommanded Product: 1H-Indole) was used in this study.

Referemce:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

O’Mahony, Cian’s team published research in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2022 | CAS: 120-72-9

Reference of 1H-IndoleIn 2022 ,《Diet-Microbiota Interplay: An Emerging Player in Macrophage Plasticity and Intestinal Health》 appeared in International Journal of Molecular Sciences. The author of the article were O’Mahony, Cian; Amamou, Asma; Ghosh, Subrata. The article conveys some information:

A review. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Targeted therapies for IBD are limited by several factors, including the therapeutic ceiling and the high incidence of non-responders or loss-of-response. In order to improve therapeutic efficacy, there is critical need to decipher disease pathogenesis, currently not well understood. Macrophages, innate immune cells that exhibit high plasticity, perpetuate inflammatory signalling in IBD through excessive release of inflammatory mediators. In recent years, pioneering research has revealed the importance of the interplay between macrophages and gut microbiota in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Particular attention is focusing on microbiota-derived metabolites, believed to possess immunomodulatory properties capable of manipulating macrophage plasticity. Microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and indole compounds, along with dietary sourced omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), exert anti-inflammatory effects, attributable to interactions with macrophages. Before we can effectively incorporate these metabolites into IBD therapies, a deeper understanding of microbiota-macrophage interactions at a mol. level is necessary. Therefore, the aim of this review is firstly to detail current knowledge regarding how diet and microbiota-derived metabolites modify macrophage plasticity. Later, we discuss the concept of therapeutic strategies directed at microbiota-macrophage interactions, which could be highly valuable for IBD therapies in the future. After reading the article, we found that the author used 1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9Reference of 1H-Indole)

Dai, Chunxiao’s team published research in Environmental Science and Pollution Research in 2022 | CAS: 120-72-9

In 2022,Dai, Chunxiao; Ma, Fang; Ma, Qiao; Yang, Jing; Li, Yan; Yang, Bingyu; Qu, Yuanyuan published an article in Environmental Science and Pollution Research. The title of the article was 《Investigation of indole biodegradation by Cupriavidus sp. strain IDO with emphases on downstream biotransformation and indigo production》.Safety of 1H-Indole The author mentioned the following in the article:

Indole, as a typical N-heterocyclic aromatic pollutant, poses risks to living things; however, indole-biotransformation mechanisms remain under-discussed, especially those related to its downstream biotransformation. Here, we systematically investigated the characteristics of indole degradation by strain Cupriavidus sp. IDO. We found that Cupriavidus sp. IDO could utilize 25 to 150 mg/L indole within 40 h and identified three intermediates (2-oxindole, indigo, and isatin). Addnl., integrated genomics and proteomics anal. of the indole biotransformation mechanism in strain IDO revealed 317 proteins showing significant changes (262 upregulated and 55 downregulated) in the presence of indole. Among these, three clusters containing indole oxidoreductase, CoA-thioester ligase, and gentisate 1,2-oxidoreductase were identified as potentially responsible for upstream and downstream indole metabolism Moreover, HPLC-MS and -omics anal. offered insight into the indole-degradation pathway in strain IDO. Furthermore, the indole oxidoreductase IndAB, which initiates indole degradation, was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Optimization by the response surface methodol. resulted in a maximal production of 135.0 mg/L indigo by the recombination strains in tryptophan medium. This work enriches our understanding of the indole-biodegradation process and provides new insights into multiple indole-degradation pathways in natural environments. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9Safety of 1H-Indole)

Loncar, Nikola’s team published research in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2019 | CAS: 120-72-9

The author of 《Structure-based redesign of a self-sufficient flavin-containing monooxygenase towards indigo production》 were Loncar, Nikola; van Beek, Hugo L.; Fraaije, Marco W.. And the article was published in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2019. Product Details of 120-72-9 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Indigo is currently produced by a century-old petrochem.-based process, therefore it is highly attractive to develop a more environmentally benign and efficient biotechnol. process to produce this timeless dye. Flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) are able to oxidize a wide variety of substrates. In this paper we show that the bacterial mFMO can be adapted to improve its ability to convert indole into indigo. The improvement was achieved by a combination of computational and structure-inspired enzyme redesign. We showed that the thermostability and the kcat for indole could be improved 1.5-fold by screening a relatively small number of enzyme mutants. This project not only resulted in an improved biocatalyst but also provided an improved understanding of the structural elements that determine the activity of mFMO and provides hints for further improvement of the monooxygenase as biocatalyst. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9Product Details of 120-72-9)

Zhang, Shanshan’s team published research in World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology in 2020 | CAS: 120-72-9

《Indole contributes to tetracycline resistance via the outer membrane protein OmpN in Vibrio splendidus》 was written by Zhang, Shanshan; Shao, Yina; Zhao, Xuelin; Li, Chenghua; Guo, Ming; Lv, Zhimeng; Zhang, Weiwei. SDS of cas: 120-72-9This research focused onVibrio indole tetracycline resistance outer membrane protein OmpN; Indole; Outer membrane protein; Tetracycline resistance; Vibrio splendidus. The article conveys some information:

As an interspecies and interkingdom signaling mol., indole has recently received attention for its diverse effects on the physiol. of both bacteria and hosts. In this study, indole increased the tetracycline resistance of Vibrio splendidus. The minimal inhibitory concentration of tetracycline was 10μg/mL, and the OD600 of V. splendidus decreased by 94.5% in the presence of 20μg/mL tetracycline; however, the OD600 of V. splendidus with a mixture of 20μg/mL tetracycline and 125μM indole was 10- or 4.5-fold higher than that with only 20μg/mL tetracycline at different time points. The percentage of cells resistant to tetracycline was 600-fold higher in culture with an OD600 of approx. 2.0 than that in culture with an OD600 of 0.5, which also meant that level of indole was correlated to tetracycline resistance of V. splendidus. Furthermore, one differentially expressed protein, which was identified as outer membrane porin OmpN using SDS-PAGE combined with MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, was upregulated. Consequently, expression of the ompN gene in the presence of either tetracycline or indole and simultaneously in the presence of indole and tetracycline was upregulated by 1.8-, 2.54-, and 6.01-fold, resp., compared to the control samples. The combined results demonstrated that indole enhanced the tetracycline resistance of V. splendidus, and this resistance was probably due to upregulation of the outer membrane porin OmpN. The experimental process involved the reaction of 1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9SDS of cas: 120-72-9)

Surur, Abdrrahman Shemsu’s team published research in Drug Design, Development and Therapy in 2020 | CAS: 120-72-9

《Indole: the after next scaffold of antiplasmodial agents?》 was written by Surur, Abdrrahman Shemsu; Huluka, Solomon Assefa; Mitku, Melese Legesse; Asres, Kaleab. Category: indole-building-block And the article was included in Drug Design, Development and Therapy in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Malaria remains a global public health problem due to the uphill fight against the causative Plasmodium parasites that are relentless in developing resistance. Indole-based antiplasmodial compounds are endowed with multiple modes of action, of which inhibition of hemozoin formation is the major mechanism of action reported for compounds such as cryptolepine, flinderoles, and isosungucine. Indole-based compounds exert their potent activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium strains by inhibiting hemozoin formation in a mode of action different from that of chloroquine or through a novel mechanism of action. For example, dysregulating the sodium and osmotic homeostasis of Plasmodium through inhibition of PfATP4 is the novel mechanism of cipargamin. The potential of developing multi-targeted compounds through mol. hybridization ensures the existence of indole-based compounds in the antimalarial pipeline. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9Category: indole-building-block)

Shin, Subin’s team published research in Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) in 2019 | CAS: 120-72-9

The author of 《Metal-organic framework with various functional groups: Remarkable adsorbent for removal of both neutral indole and basic quinoline from liquid fuel》 were Shin, Subin; Sarker, Mithun; Lee, Hong-In; Jhung, Sung Hwa. And the article was published in Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) in 2019. Safety of 1H-Indole The author mentioned the following in the article:

Removal of nitrogen-containing compounds from fuel is very important for effective utilization of fuel. In this study, a stable metal-organic framework (MOF, here, MIL-125) and its amino form (MIL-125-NH2) were prepared, and the latter one was further modified to get MIL-125 with various functional groups or MIL-125-NH-C(O)-C(O)-OH. The obtained MIL-125s were applied in the adsorption of both neutral indole (IND) and basic quinoline (QUI) from model fuel in order to estimate the possible applications of the MOFs in adsorptive denitrogenation. MIL-125-NH-C(O)-C(O)-OH, MIL-125-VFG (VFG means various functional groups), showed remarkable performances in the adsorptions. Or, MIL-125-VFG showed the highest adsorption capacity for IND, compared with any adsorbent reported so far. The MOF also showed the second highest uptake of QUI, after the protonated polyaniline(5%)@MIL-101. The remarkable performances of MIL-125-VFG could be interpreted with ample active sites for H-bonding, or the adsorption could be explained via H-bonding (IND: H-donor; QUI: H-acceptor). Moreover, the MOF can be easily recycled by ethanol washing. Therefore, MOFs with ample active sites for H-bonding (or with various functional groups) can be suggested as a promising adsorbent for purification of liquid fuel or adsorptive denitrogenation. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9Safety of 1H-Indole)

Vyhlidalova, Barbora’s team published research in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2020 | CAS: 120-72-9

《Gut microbial catabolites of tryptophan are ligands and agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor: a detailed characterization》 was written by Vyhlidalova, Barbora; Krasulova, Kristyna; Pecinkova, Petra; Marcalikova, Adela; Vrzal, Radim; Zemankova, Lenka; Vanco, Jan; Travnicek, Zdenek; Vondracek, Jan; Karasova, Martina; Mani, Sridhar; Dvorak, Zdenek. Recommanded Product: 1H-IndoleThis research focused ontryptophan aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling colorectal hepatocyte adenocarcinoma; aryl hydrocarbon receptor; indoles; microbiome; tryptophan. The article conveys some information:

We examined the effects of gut microbial catabolites of tryptophan on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Using a reporter gene assay, we show that all studied catabolites are low-potency agonists of human AhR. The efficacy of catabolites differed substantially, comprising agonists with no or low (i3-propionate, i3-acetate, i3-lactate, i3-aldehyde), medium (i3-ethanol, i3-acrylate, skatole, tryptamine), and high (indole, i3-acetamide, i3-pyruvate) efficacies. We displayed ligand-selective antagonist activities by i3-pyruvate, i3-aldehyde, indole, skatole, and tryptamine. Ligand binding assay identified low affinity (skatole, i3-pyruvate, and i3-acetamide) and very low affinity (i3-acrylate, i3-ethanol, indole) ligands of the murine AhR. Indole, skatole, tryptamine, i3-pyruvate, i3-acrylate, and i3-acetamide induced CYP1A1 mRNA in intestinal LS180 and HT-29 cells, but not in the AhR-knockout HT-29 variant. We observed a similar CYP1A1 induction pattern in primary human hepatocytes. The most AhR-active catabolites (indole, skatole, tryptamine, i3-pyruvate, i3-acrylate, i3-acetamide) elicited nuclear translocation of the AhR, followed by a formation of AhR-ARNT heterodimer and enhanced binding of the AhR to the CYP1A1 gene promoter. Collectively, we comprehensively characterized the interactions of gut microbial tryptophan catabolites with the AhR, which may expand the current understanding of their potential roles in intestinal health and disease. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9Recommanded Product: 1H-Indole)

Scott, Samantha A.’s team published research in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America in 2020 | CAS: 120-72-9

《Microbial tryptophan metabolites regulate gut barrier function via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor》 was written by Scott, Samantha A.; Fu, Jingjing; Chang, Pamela V.. Formula: C8H7NThis research focused ontryptophan metabolite gut barrier aryl hydrocarbon receptor disease human; Crohn disease ulcerative colitis inflammatory bowel disease cytokine; colitis; gut microbiome; inflammatory bowel disease; intestinal epithelium. The article conveys some information:

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiome. Emerging evidence suggests that small-mol. metabolites derived from bacterial breakdown of a variety of dietary nutrients confer a wide array of host benefits, including amelioration of inflammation in IBDs. Yet, in many cases, the mol. pathways targeted by these mols. remain unknown. Here, we describe roles for three metabolites-indole-3-ethanol, indole-3-pyruvate, and indole-3-aldehyde-which are derived from gut bacterial metabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan, in regulating intestinal barrier function. We determined that these metabolites protect against increased gut permeability associated with a mouse model of colitis by maintaining the integrity of the apical junctional complex and its associated actin regulatory proteins, including myosin IIA and ezrin, and that these effects are dependent on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Our studies provide a deeper understanding of how gut microbial metabolites affect host defense mechanisms and identify candidate pathways for prophylactic and therapeutic treatments for IBDs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9Formula: C8H7N)

Yang, Jingyun’s team published research in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America in 2020 | CAS: 120-72-9

《Biphasic chemotaxis of Escherichia coli to the microbiota metabolite indole》 was written by Yang, Jingyun; Chawla, Ravi; Rhee, Kathy Y.; Gupta, Rachit; Manson, Michael D.; Jayaraman, Arul; Lele, Pushkar P.. Application of 120-72-9 And the article was included in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Bacterial chemotaxis to prominent microbiota metabolites such as indole is important in the formation of microbial communities in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, the basis of chemotaxis to indole is poorly understood. Here, we exposed Escherichia coli to a range of indole concentrations and measured the dynamic responses of individual flagellar motors to determine the chemotaxis response. Below 1 mM indole, a repellent-only response was observed At 1 mM indole and higher, a time-dependent inversion from a repellent to an attractant response was observed The repellent and attractant responses were mediated by the Tsr and Tar chemoreceptors, resp. Also, the flagellar motor itself mediated a repellent response independent of the receptors. Chemotaxis assays revealed that receptor-mediated adaptation to indole caused a bipartite response-wild-type cells were attracted to regions of high indole concentration if they had previously adapted to indole but were otherwise repelled. We propose that indole spatially segregates cells based on their state of adaptation to repel invaders while recruiting beneficial resident bacteria to growing microbial communities within the GI tract. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 1H-Indole(cas: 120-72-9Application of 120-72-9)