Tag: M.W=100-150

Recommanded Product: 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde. Authors Yadav, MB; Lim, KT; Kim, JS; Jeong, YT in PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD published article about in [Yadav, Maruti B.; Lim, Kwon Taek; Kim, Jong Su; Jeong, Yeon Tae] Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Image Sci & Engn, Busan 608737, South Korea in 2021, Cited 46. The Name is 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 123-11-5

A simple and efficient synthetic protocol for the synthesis of methyl 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-5,7-dioxo-1-phenyl-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydropyrazolo [4′,3]:5,6] pyrano[2,3-d] pyrimidine-3-carboxylate derivatives via a one pot four-component reaction catalyzed by L-Proline has been successfully developed. This new protocol produces pyrano pyrimidine carboxylate derivatives in good to excellent yields, with operational simplicity. The remarkable features of this methodology are high yields, metal-free catalyst, easy work-up procedure, and a greener method that avoids toxic catalyst and hazardous solvents. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

About 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde, If you have any questions, you can contact Yadav, MB; Lim, KT; Kim, JS; Jeong, YT or concate me.. Recommanded Product: 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde

Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
,Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Bugaenko, DI; Yurovskaya, MA; Karchava, AV in [Bugaenko, Dmitry, I; Yurovskaya, Marina A.; Karchava, Alexander, V] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Chem, Moscow 119992, Russia published Reaction of Pyridine-N-Oxides with Tertiary sp(2)-N-Nucleophiles: An Efficient Synthesis of Precursors for N-(Pyrid-2-yl)-Substituted N-Heterocyclic Carbenes in 2020, Cited 61. Category: indole-building-block. The Name is m-Methoxyphenol. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 150-19-6.

N-(Pyrid-2-yl)-substituted azolium and pyridinium salts, precursors for hybrid NHC-containing ligands, were obtained with excellent regioselectivity, employing a deoxygenative CH-functionalization of pyridine-N-oxides with substituted imidazoles, thiazoles, and pyridine. Unlike the traditional SNAr-based methods, this approach provides high yields for substrates bearing substituents of different electronic nature. The utility of azolium and pyridinium salts thus prepared was also highlighted by the synthesis of pyridyl-substituted imidazolyl-2-thione, benzodiazepine as well as 2-aminopyridines.

Category: indole-building-block. About m-Methoxyphenol, If you have any questions, you can contact Bugaenko, DI; Yurovskaya, MA; Karchava, AV or concate me.

Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
,Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Name: Benzyl Alcohol. In 2019.0 ACS SUSTAIN CHEM ENG published article about PONNDORF-VERLEY REDUCTION; SN-BETA ZEOLITES; GAMMA-VALEROLACTONE; LEVULINIC ACID; LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; METHYL LEVULINATE; ETHYL LEVULINATE; USY ZEOLITE; DIELS-ALDER; CONVERSION in [Tang, Bo; Li, Shuang; Song, Wei-Chao; Yang, En-Cui; Zhao, Xiao-Jun] Tianjin Normal Univ, Tianjin Key Lab Struct & Performance Funct Mol, Key Lab Inorgan Organ Hybrid Funct Mat Chem, Minist Educ, 393 Binshui West Rd, Tianjin 300387, Peoples R China; [Guan, Naijia; Li, Landong] Nankai Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, 38 Tongyan Rd, Tianjin 300350, Peoples R China; [Guan, Naijia; Li, Landong] Nankai Univ, Natl Inst Adv Mat, 38 Tongyan Rd, Tianjin 300350, Peoples R China in 2019.0, Cited 73.0. The Name is Benzyl Alcohol. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 100-51-6.

FAU-type hafnosilicate zeolite with a hierarchical structure (Hf-USY) was constructed through a post-synthesis strategy containing the controlled dealumination of the commercial H-USY zeolite and the subsequent dry impregnation of the Cp2HfCl2 precursor. The incorporation of Hf ions into the zeolite framework involved the interaction between the silanol groups from framework dealumination and Cp2HfCl2 molecules. Characterization results from UV-vis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy verified that the incorporated Hf ions mainly existed in the tetrahedrally coordinated form in the zeolite framework. The creation of Lewis acid sites associated with Hf incorporation was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with pyridine and deuterated acetonitrile adsorption. The as-synthesized Hf-USY zeolite served as a highly efficient catalyst in the transfer hydrogenation of ethyl levulinate to gamma-valerolactone, outperforming the Sn- and Zr-silicate analogues. The Hf-USY catalyst also exhibited good performance in the transfer hydrogenation of more challenging substrates such as furanic, aromatic, as well as alkene-substituted carbonyl compounds into the corresponding alcohols. The influence of Lewis acid sites, preparation parameters, as well as the hydrogen donor on the catalytic activity of the Hf-USY zeolite was investigated in detail.

Name: Benzyl Alcohol. About Benzyl Alcohol, If you have any questions, you can contact Tang, B; Li, S; Song, WC; Yang, EC; Zhao, XJ; Guan, NJ; Li, LD or concate me.

Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
,Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

An article Rhodium(i)-catalyzed C6-selective C-H alkenylation and polyenylation of 2-pyridones with alkenyl and conjugated polyenyl carboxylic acids WOS:000496188700019 published article about DECARBOXYLATIVE COUPLING REACTIONS; DECARBONYLATIVE DIRECT OLEFINATION; C3-SELECTIVE DIRECT ALKYLATION; CINNAMIC-ACIDS; OXIDATIVE OLEFINATION; REGIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS; DIRECT ARYLATION; BOND ACTIVATION; DIRECTING GROUP; OXIME ESTERS in [Zhao, Haoqiang; Xu, Xin; Luo, Zhenli; Cao, Lei; Li, Bohan; Li, Huanrong; Xu, Lijin] Renmin Univ China, Dept Chem, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China; [Xu, Lijin; Fan, Qinghua] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China; [Xu, Lijin; Fan, Qinghua] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China; [Zhao, Haoqiang; Walsh, Patrick J.] Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Penn Merck Lab High Throughput Expt, Ray & Diana Vagelos Labs, 231 South 34th St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA in 2019, Cited 156. The Name is (E)-2-Methylbut-2-enoic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 80-59-1. Product Details of 80-59-1

A versatile Rh(i)-catalyzed C6-selective decarbonylative C-H alkenylation of 2-pyridones with readily available, and inexpensive alkenyl carboxylic acids has been developed. This directed dehydrogenative cross-coupling reaction affords 6-alkenylated 2-pyridones that would otherwise be difficult to access using conventional C-H functionalization protocols. The reaction occurs with high efficiency and is tolerant of a broad range of functional groups. A wide scope of alkenyl carboxylic acids, including challenging conjugated polyene carboxylic acids, are amenable to this transformation and no addition of external oxidant is required. Mechanistic studies revealed that (1) Boc(2)O acts as the activator for the in situ transformation of the carboxylic acids into anhydrides before oxidative addition by the Rh catalyst, (2) a decarbonylation step is involved in the catalytic cycle, and (3) the C-H bond cleavage is likely the turnover-limiting step.

About (E)-2-Methylbut-2-enoic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Zhao, HQ; Xu, X; Luo, ZL; Cao, L; Li, BH; Li, HR; Xu, LJ; Fan, QH; Walsh, PJ or concate me.. Product Details of 80-59-1

Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
,Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

An article Terminaliamide, a new ceramide and other phytoconstituents from the roots of Terminalia mantaly H. Perrier and their biological activities WOS:000479988600001 published article about CEREBROSIDES; PLANTS in [Teinkela, Jean Emmanuel Mbosso] ULB, Fac Pharm, Unite Microbiol Chim Bioorgan & Macromol, Dept R3D, Brussels, Belgium; [Teinkela, Jean Emmanuel Mbosso; Fannang, Simone; Song, Achille Mbem] Univ Douala, Fac Med & Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Douala, Cameroon; [Noundou, Xavier Siwe; Krause, Rui Werner Macedo] Rhodes Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Nanomat & Med Organ Chem Lab, Grahamstown, South Africa; [Noundou, Xavier Siwe; Hoppe, Heinrich C.] Rhodes Univ, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, Grahamstown, South Africa; [Nguedia, Jules Clement Assob] Univ Buea, Fac Hlth Sci, Programme Med, Buea, Cameroon in 2021.0, Cited 44.0. Computed Properties of C7H8O2. The Name is Mequinol. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 150-76-5

Terminaliamide (1), a new ceramide was isolated from the roots of Terminalia mantaly H. Perrier (Combretaceae) along with 4 known compounds (2-5). The structures of the compounds were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy analysis and mass spectrometry. Compound 1 exhibited moderated antibacterial activity towards Staphylococcus aureus with MIC value of 62.5 mu g/mL. The crude MeOH extract (TMr) highly reduced Plasmodium falciparum growth with an IC50 value of 10.11 mu g/mL, while hexane fraction (F1) highly reduced Trypanosoma brucei brucei growth with an IC50 value of 5.60 mu g/mL. All tested samples presented little or no in vitro cytotoxicity on HeLa cell line. The present work confirms that T. mantaly is medicinally important and may be used effectively as an antimicrobial, an antiplasmodial and an antitrypanosomial with promising therapeutic index.

Computed Properties of C7H8O2. About Mequinol, If you have any questions, you can contact Teinkela, JEM; Noundou, XS; Fannang, S; Song, AM; Nguedia, JCA; Hoppe, HC; Krause, RWM or concate me.

Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
,Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

An article Pictet-Spengler condensations using 4-(2-aminoethyl)coumarins WOS:000558066500020 published article about RESISTANT PROSTATE-CANCER; ANDROGEN RECEPTOR; DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE; TARGET; INHIBITORS; ANDROSTANEDIOL; DEHYDROGENASES; IDENTIFICATION; TESTOSTERONE; BIOCHEMISTRY in [Sviripa, Vitaliy M.; Williams, Alexander H.; Zhan, Chang-Guo] Univ Kentucky, Coll Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Lexington, KY 40536 USA; [Sviripa, Vitaliy M.; Begley, Kristin L.; Wyrebek, Przemyslaw; Kril, Liliia M.; Balia, Andrii G.; Zhan, Chang-Guo; Watt, David S.] Univ Kentucky, Coll Pharm, Ctr Pharmaceut Res & Innovat, Lexington, KY 40536 USA; [Sviripa, Vitaliy M.; Liu, Chunming; Watt, David S.] Univ Kentucky, Lucille Parker Markey Canc Ctr, Lexington, KY 40536 USA; [Fiandalo, Michael, V; Mohler, James L.] Roswell Pk Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Expt Therapeut, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA; [Begley, Kristin L.; Wyrebek, Przemyslaw; Kril, Liliia M.; Balia, Andrii G.; Liu, Chunming; Watt, David S.] Univ Kentucky, Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biochem, Lexington, KY 40536 USA; [Parkin, Sean R.] Univ Kentucky, Coll Arts & Sci, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA; [Subramanian, Vivekanandan] Univ Kentucky, Coll Pharm, NMR Ctr, Lexington, KY 40536 USA; [Chen, Xi] South Cent Univ Nationalities, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China; [Mohler, James L.] Roswell Pk Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Urol, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA in 2020.0, Cited 57.0. The Name is m-Methoxyphenol. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 150-19-6. Recommanded Product: 150-19-6

Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is only a palliative measure, and prostate cancer invariably recurs in a lethal, castration-resistant form (CRPC). Prostate cancer resists ADT by metabolizing weak, adrenal androgens to growth-promoting 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the preferred ligand for the androgen receptor (AR). Developing small-molecule inhibitors for the final steps in androgen metabolic pathways that utilize 17-oxidoreductases required probes that possess fluorescent groups at C-3 and intact, naturally occurring functionality at C-17. Application of the Pictet-Spengler condensation to substituted 4-(2-aminoethyl)coumarins and 5 alpha-androstane-3-ones furnished spirocyclic, fluorescent androgens at the desired C-3 position. Condensations required the presence of activating C-7 amino orN,N-dialkylamino groups in the 4-(2-aminoethyl)coumarin component of these condensation reactions. Successful Pictet-Spengler condensation, for example, of DHT with 9-(2-aminoethyl)-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H,11H-pyrano[2,3-f]pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-11-one led to a spirocyclic androgen, (3R,5S,10S,13S,17S)-17-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,2 ‘,3 ‘,4,5,6,7,8,8 ‘,9,9 ‘,10,11,12,12 ‘,13,13 ‘,14,15,16,17-docosahydro-7 ‘ H,11 ‘ H-spiro-[cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,4 ‘-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]pyrido[4 ‘,3 ‘:4,5]pyrano[2,3-f]quinolin]-5 ‘(1 ‘ H)-one. Computational modeling supported the surrogacy of the C-3 fluorescent DHT analog as a tool to study 17-oxidoreductases for intracrine, androgen metabolism.

About m-Methoxyphenol, If you have any questions, you can contact Sviripa, VM; Fiandalo, MV; Begley, KL; Wyrebek, P; Kril, LM; Balia, AG; Parkin, SR; Subramanian, V; Chen, X; Williams, AH; Zhan, CG; Liu, CM; Mohler, JL; Watt, DS or concate me.. Recommanded Product: 150-19-6

Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
,Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

In 2019.0 BIOORG CHEM published article about DISCOVERY; DESIGN; POTENT; STAPHYLOCOCCI; OPTIMIZATION; IV in [Ghannam, Iman A. Y.; Abd El-Meguid, Eman A.; Ali, Islam H.; Sheir, Donia H.] Natl Res Ctr, Pharmaceut & Drug Ind Res Div, Chem Nat & Microbial Prod Dept, Cairo 12622, Egypt; [El Kerdawy, Ahmed M.] Cairo Univ, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Fac Pharm, Kasr El Aini St,POB 11562, Cairo, Egypt; [El Kerdawy, Ahmed M.] Cairo Univ, Mol Modeling Unit, Fac Pharm, Kasr El Aini St,POB 11562, Cairo, Egypt; [El Kerdawy, Ahmed M.] New Giza Univ, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, Fac Pharm, Km 22 Cairo Alexandria Desert Rd, Cairo, Egypt in 2019.0, Cited 41.0. The Name is 4′-Hydroxyacetophenone. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 99-93-4. Safety of 4′-Hydroxyacetophenone

A series of new 2-arylbenzothiazole derivatives (4, 5, 6a-j, 7a-i and 8a,b) was synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial activity against different Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and yeast using ciprofloxacin and fluconazole as positive controls for the antibacterial and antifungal activities, respectively. The target compounds showed stronger inhibitory activity against Gram-negative than Gram-positive bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined for those compounds showed zone of inhibition >= 13 mm. Based on the MIC values for the tested compounds against E. coli, compounds (4, 5, 6c, 6d, 6g, 6i, 6j, 7b, 7c, 7g and 8a) were selected and tested for their E. coli gyrase inhibitory activity. The tested compounds showed moderate inhibitory activity against E. coli gyrase. Compounds 5, 6c, 6i, 6j and 7b displayed high inhibitory activity against E. coli gyrase with IC50 values below 10 mu M, however, they were less active than ciprofloxacin (E. coli gyrase IC50 = 1.14 mu M). The p-hydroxy-m-methoxy benzothiazole analogue 6c was the most active tested compound (E. coli gyrase IC50 = 4.85 mu M). Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study was also implemented for the newly synthesized compounds. The QSAR study indicated that the structural feature that governs the anti-microbial activity for the newly synthesized benzothiazole derivatives is their structural hydrophilic-lipophilic balance what agrees with the chemical intuition where this balance governs their cellular absorption and so their antimicrobial activity. Molecular docking showed that the newly synthesized compounds possess the required structural feature for E. coli gyrase B inhibition through interaction with the key amino acids Asp73 and Gly77.

About 4′-Hydroxyacetophenone, If you have any questions, you can contact Ghannam, IAY; Abd El-Meguid, EA; Ali, IH; Sheir, DH; El Kerdawy, AM or concate me.. Safety of 4′-Hydroxyacetophenone

Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
,Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

An article The Catalytic Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane-2,7-diones WOS:000670661000006 published article about ASYMMETRIC 1,3-DIPOLAR CYCLOADDITIONS; MELDRUMS ACID; MULTICOMPONENT SYNTHESIS; AZOMETHINE IMINES; ANNULATION; CHEMISTRY; YLIDES in [Lebrene, Arthur; Martzel, Thomas; Gouriou, Laura; Levacher, Vincent; Oudeyer, Sylvain; Afonso, Carlos; Loutelier-Bourhis, Corinne; Briere, Jean-Francois] Normandie Univ, COBRA, CNRS, INSA Rouen,UNIROUEN, F-76000 Rouen, France; [Sanselme, Morgane] Univ Rouen, Normandie Univ, Lab SMS, EA3233, F-76821 Mont St Aignan, France in 2021, Cited 37. Formula: C8H8O2. The Name is 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 123-11-5

A straightforward synthesis of original 1,6-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane-2,7-diones was achieved through a DBU-organocatalyzed multicomponent Knoevenagel-aza-Michael-Cyclocondensation reaction which takes advantage of an unprecedented highly regio- and diastereoselective conjugate addition of pyridazinones to alkylidene Meldrum’s acid intermediates. The key reactive intermediates of this complex process were analyzed by means of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry coupled to ion mobility spectrometry, allowing us to validate the proposed mechanism.

About 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde, If you have any questions, you can contact Lebrene, A; Martzel, T; Gouriou, L; Sanselme, M; Levacher, V; Oudeyer, S; Afonso, C; Loutelier-Bourhis, C; Briere, JF or concate me.. Formula: C8H8O2

Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
,Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Formula: C5H8O2. In 2021 J ORG CHEM published article about OXIDATIVE CYCLIZATION; DIRECTING GROUP; ALLYLATION; ACTIVATION; ANNULATION; ISOINDOLINONES; C(SP(3))-H; ARYLATION; ALKENES; OLEFINS in [Zhong, Rong; Xu, Yong; Wang, Yurong] Zhejiang Chinese Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Hangzhou 310053, Peoples R China; [Sun, Manman] Taizhou Univ, Adv Res Inst, Taizhou 318000, Peoples R China; [Sun, Manman] Taizhou Univ, Dept Chem, Taizhou 318000, Peoples R China in 2021, Cited 81. The Name is (E)-2-Methylbut-2-enoic acid. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 80-59-1.

A regioselective C-H functionalization/annulation reaction of N-sulfonyl amides and allylbenzenes through a palladium-catalyzed C(sp(2))-H allylation/aminopalladation/beta-H elimination/isomerization sequence has been reported. Various aryl and alkenyl carboxamides are found to be efficient substrates to construct isoquinolinones and pyridinones in up to 96% yield. Using ambient air as the terminal oxidant is another advantage regarding environmental friendliness and operational simplicity.

Formula: C5H8O2. About (E)-2-Methylbut-2-enoic acid, If you have any questions, you can contact Zhong, R; Xu, Y; Sun, MM; Wang, YR or concate me.

Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
,Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Recommanded Product: 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde. Authors Davis, CR; Luvaga, IK; Ready, JM in AMER CHEMICAL SOC published article about in [Davis, Colton R.; Luvaga, Irungu K.; Ready, Joseph M.] UT Southwestern Med Ctr, Dept Biochem, Dallas, TX 75390 USA in 2021.0, Cited 63.0. The Name is 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde. Through research, I have a further understanding and discovery of 123-11-5

Alkenyl boronates add to Ir(pi-allyl) intermediates with high enantioselectivity. A 1,2-metalate shift forms a second C-C bond and sets a 1,3-stereochemical relationship. The three-component coupling provides tertiary boronic esters that can undergo multiple additional functionalizations. An extension to trisubstituted olefins sets three contiguous stereocenters.

Recommanded Product: 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde. About 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde, If you have any questions, you can contact Davis, CR; Luvaga, IK; Ready, JM or concate me.

Reference:
Indole alkaloid derivatives as building blocks of natural products from Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus velezensis and their antibacterial and antifungal activity study,
,Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles