Tag: M.W=350-400

Wu, Xingxin published the artcileEpigallocatechin-3-gallate sensitizes IFN-γ-stimulated CD4⁺ T cells to apoptosis via alternative activation of STAT1, Computed Properties of 330161-87-0, the publication is International Immunopharmacology (2014), 23(2), 434-441, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) exerts anti-inflammatory properties on immune cells and binds to CD4 mols. However, the effects of EGCG on CD4⁺ T cells remain largely unknown. Here, we found that EGCG enhanced IFN-γ-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) activation in primary CD4⁺ T cells from C57BL/6 mice and in a human leukemic CD4⁺ T-cell line of Hut 78 cells, while it inhibited the classical pathway of IFN-γ signaling including activating phosphorylations of Janus kinase (JAK) 1, JAK2 and STAT3, forming interferon-γ activated sequence (GAS)-binding STAT1 homodimers, and producing pro-inflammatory chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9). CD4 blockade did not suppress the increase in IFN-γ-induced STAT1 activation in CD4⁺ T cells by EGCG. Furthermore, activation of Src kinase was also triggered by IFN-γ plus EGCG in both Hut 78 and primary CD4⁺ T cells. Interestingly, EGCG promoted apoptosis of CD4⁺ T cells treated with IFN-γ. The increases in STAT1 activation and apoptosis induced by EGCG in IFN-γ-activated CD4⁺ T cells were almost completely abolished by a selective Src family kinase inhibitor, SU6656. Moreover, EGCG alleviates CD4⁺ CD45RB^hi CD25^– T cell transfer induced colitis with less accumulation of CD4⁺ T cells in the colon. In conclusion, the present study reports an alternative activation of STAT1 via Src by EGCG in IFN-γ-activated CD4⁺ T cells, which promotes the apoptosis of IFN-γ-activated CD4⁺ T cells and contributes to the improvement of T cell-mediated colitis. Our findings suggest a novel role of EGCG in regulating IFN-γ signaling and controlling inflammation.

International Immunopharmacology published new progress about 330161-87-0. 330161-87-0 belongs to indole-building-block, auxiliary class Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK,Src, name is SU6656, and the molecular formula is C16H24BF4Ir, Computed Properties of 330161-87-0.

Referemce:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41429-020-0333-2,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Norton, Charles E. published the artcileAugmented pulmonary vasoconstrictor reactivity after chronic hypoxia requires Src kinase and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, Computed Properties of 330161-87-0, the publication is American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology (2020), 62(1), 61-73, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

We tested the hypothesis that Src-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling mediates enhanced vasoconstrictor sensitivity after chronic hypoxia through NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide generation. Protocols employed pharmacol. inhibitors in isolated, pressurized rat pulmonary arteries to examine the contribution of a variety of signaling moieties to enhanced vascular tone after chronic hypoxia. Superoxide generation in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells was assessed using the fluorescent indicator dihydroethidium. Indexes of pulmonary hypertension were measured in rats treated with the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase, Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1), and EGFR abolished pressure-induced pulmonary arterial tone and endothelin-1 (ET-1)-dependent calcium sensitization and vasoconstriction after chronic hypoxia. Src kinases were also activated by ET-1 after chronic hypoxia and contributed to enhanced basal arterial tone and vasoconstriction in response to ET-1. A role for matrix metalloproteinase 2 to mediate Src-dependent EGFR activation is further supported by our findings. Our studies support a novel role for an Src kinase-EGFR-NADPH oxidase signaling axis to mediate enhanced pulmonary vascular smooth muscle Ca21 sensitization, vasoconstriction, and pulmonary hypertension after chronic hypoxia.

American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology published new progress about 330161-87-0. 330161-87-0 belongs to indole-building-block, auxiliary class Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK,Src, name is SU6656, and the molecular formula is C19H21N3O3S, Computed Properties of 330161-87-0.

Referemce:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41429-020-0333-2,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Lv, Handeng published the artcileAn UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of EAI045 in plasma and tissues and its application to pharmacokinetic and distribution studies in rats, Quality Control of 1942114-09-1, the publication is Pharmazie (2018), 73(11), 630-634, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

EAI045 represents a fourth generation allosteric EGFR TKI compound which targets T790M and C797S EGFR mutants. The study reported herein describes a method to explore the distribution of EAI045 in rat tissues as well as to quantify it in plasma. The method used here is an ultra-performance liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry with high sensitivity and selectivity. An ACQUITY UPLC BEN HILIC column with dimensions of 2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 mum was used to sep. the analytes and IS. As mobile phase acetonitrile as well as 0.1% of formic acid/water was used combined with an elution gradient and 0.40 mL/min flow rate. This eluent was also used for electrospray ionization in pos. ion mode. A mode on multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) was also employed in the quantification. This quantification included the use of targeted segment ions with m/z 384.1 100.8 for EAI045, and m/z 285.1 193.3 for IS, resp. It was found that the linearity of this method was appropriate and the concentration range could be kept within a range of 2-2000 ng/mL for EAI045 in rat plasma and tissues. The level of EAI045 was found to be highest in the liver, followed by kidneys, lungs and heart. Furthermore, the results provided evidence that EAI045 could be absorbed quickly and distributed widely in different tissue types.

Pharmazie published new progress about 1942114-09-1. 1942114-09-1 belongs to indole-building-block, auxiliary class Indoline,Thiazole,Fluoride,Amine,Benzene,Amide,Alcohol,Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK, name is 2-(5-Fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)-N-(thiazol-2-yl)acetamide, and the molecular formula is C19H14FN3O3S, Quality Control of 1942114-09-1.

Referemce:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41429-020-0333-2,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Yan, Chao published the artcilePotent activity of indolequinones against human pancreatic cancer: identification of thioredoxin reductase as a potential target, Computed Properties of 192820-78-3, the publication is Molecular Pharmacology (2009), 76(1), 163-172, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The indolequinone ES936 {5-methoxy-1,2-dimethyl-3-[(4-nitrophenoxy)methyl]indole-4,7-dione} was previously developed in our laboratory as an antitumor agent against pancreatic cancer. The objective of this study was to identify indolequinones with improved potency against pancreatic cancer and to define their mechanisms of action. Pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1, MIA PaCa-2, and BxPC-3 were used in in vitro assays [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) and clonogenic assays]; indolequinones displayed potent cytotoxicity against all three cell lines, and two specific classes of indole-quinone were particularly potent agents. These indolequinones induced caspase-dependent apoptosis but no redox cycling or oxidative stress in MIA PaCa-2 and BxPC-3 cells. Selected indolequinones were also screened against the NCI-60 cell line panel and were found to be particularly effective against colon, renal, and melanoma cancer cells. A potential target of these indolequinones was identified as thioredoxin reductase. Indolequinones were found to be potent inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase activity both in pancreatic cancer cells and in cell-free systems. The mechanism of action of the indolequinones was shown to involve metabolic reduction, loss of a leaving group to generate a reactive electrophile resulting in alkylation of the selenocysteine residue in the active site of thioredoxin reductase. In vivo efficacy of the indolequinones was also tested in the MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic tumor xenograft in nude mice, and lead indolequinones demonstrated high efficacy and low toxicity. Inhibition of thioredoxin reductase represents a potential novel target in pancreatic cancer and may provide a biomarker of effect of lead indolequinones in this type of cancer.

Molecular Pharmacology published new progress about 192820-78-3. 192820-78-3 belongs to indole-building-block, auxiliary class Fused/Partially Saturated Cycles,Dihydroindoles, name is 5-Methoxy-1,2-dimethyl-3-[(4-nitrophenoxy)methyl]indole-4,7-dione, and the molecular formula is C5H5F3O2, Computed Properties of 192820-78-3.

Referemce:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41429-020-0333-2,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Grinshtain, Elina published the artcileThe Fer tyrosine kinase protects sperm from spontaneous acrosome reaction, Related Products of indole-building-block, the publication is Developmental Biology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2022), 24-33, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The physiol. acrosome reaction occurs after mammalian spermatozoa undergo a process called capacitation in the female reproductive tract. Only acrosome reacted spermatozoon can penetrate the egg zona-pellucida and fertilize the egg. Sperm also contain several mechanisms that protect it from undergoing spontaneous acrosome reaction (sAR), a process that can occur in sperm before reaching proximity to the egg and that abrogates fertilization. We previously showed that calmodulin-kinase II (CaMKII) and phospholipase D (PLD) are involved in preventing sAR through two distinct pathways that enhance F-actin formation during capacitation. Here, we describe a novel addnl. pathway involving the tyrosine kinase Fer in a mechanism that also prevents sAR by enhancing actin polymerization during sperm capacitation. We further show that protein-kinase A (PKA) and the tyrosine-kinase Src, as well as PLD, direct Fer phosphorylation/activation. Activated Fer inhibits the Ser/Thr phosphatase PP1, thereby leading to CaMKII activation, actin polymerization, and sAR inhibition.

Developmental Biology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) published new progress about 330161-87-0. 330161-87-0 belongs to indole-building-block, auxiliary class Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK,Src, name is SU6656, and the molecular formula is C19H21N3O3S, Related Products of indole-building-block.

Referemce:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41429-020-0333-2,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Bilsland, Alan E. published the artcileIdentification of a Selective G1-Phase Benzimidazolone Inhibitor by a Senescence-Targeted Virtual Screen Using Artificial Neural Networks, Computed Properties of 330161-87-0, the publication is Neoplasia (New York, NY, United States) (2015), 17(9), 704-715, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Cellular senescence is a barrier to tumorigenesis in normal cells, and tumor cells undergo senescence responses to genotoxic stimuli, which is a potential target phenotype for cancer therapy. However, in this setting, mixed-mode responses are common with apoptosis the dominant effect. Hence, more selective senescence inducers are required. Here we report a machine learning-based in silico screen to identify potential senescence agonists. We built profiles of differentially affected biol. process networks from expression data obtained under induced telomere dysfunction conditions in colorectal cancer cells and matched these to a panel of 17 protein targets with confirmatory screening data in PubChem. We trained a neural network using 3517 compounds identified as active or inactive against these targets. The resulting classification model was used to screen a virtual library of ∼ 2M lead-like compounds One hundred and forty-seven virtual hits were acquired for validation in growth inhibition and senescence-associated β-galactosidase assays. Among the found hits, a benzimidazolone compound, CB-20903630, had low micromolar IC50 for growth inhibition of HCT116 cells and selectively induced senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity in the entire treated cell population without cytotoxicity or apoptosis induction. Growth suppression was mediated by G1 blockade involving increased p21 expression and suppressed cyclin B1, CDK1, and CDC25C. In addition, the compound inhibited growth of multicellular spheroids and caused severe retardation of population kinetics in long-term treatments. Preliminary structure-activity and structure clustering analyses are reported, and expression anal. of CB-20903630 against other cell cycle suppressor compounds suggested a PI3K/AKT-inhibitor-like profile in normal cells, with different pathways affected in cancer cells.

Neoplasia (New York, NY, United States) published new progress about 330161-87-0. 330161-87-0 belongs to indole-building-block, auxiliary class Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK,Src, name is SU6656, and the molecular formula is C19H21N3O3S, Computed Properties of 330161-87-0.

Referemce:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41429-020-0333-2,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Bian, Jinlei published the artcileDiscovery of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) inhibitors with novel chemical scaffolds by shape-based virtual screening combined with cascade docking, Quality Control of 192820-78-3, the publication is RSC Advances (2015), 5(61), 49471-49479, database is CAplus.

A number of novel NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) inhibitors were discovered from the ChemDiv database via a simple protocol. Based on two reference NQO1 inhibitors, dicoumarol (DIC) and ES936, a shape-based similarity search and cascade docking filtering were conducted to identify new NQO1 inhibitors. Using these techniques, 43 compounds were selected, ordered, and tested. Among them, 7 compounds with novel chem. scaffolds were confirmed to be active by in vitro assays. Determination of the ability for protecting against NQO1-mediated toxicity of β-lapachone (β-lap) confirmed that compounds 8, 10 and 13 may be pharmacol. useful for probing the function of NQO1 in cells.

RSC Advances published new progress about 192820-78-3. 192820-78-3 belongs to indole-building-block, auxiliary class Fused/Partially Saturated Cycles,Dihydroindoles, name is 5-Methoxy-1,2-dimethyl-3-[(4-nitrophenoxy)methyl]indole-4,7-dione, and the molecular formula is C18H16N2O6, Quality Control of 192820-78-3.

Referemce:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41429-020-0333-2,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Mayer, Patrick G. K. published the artcileRegulation of plasma membrane localization of the Na+-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide by glycochenodeoxycholate and tauroursodeoxycholate, Category: indole-building-block, the publication is Cellular Physiology & Biochemistry (2019), 52(6), 1427-1445, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Background/Aims: Hydrophobic bile salts, such as glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDC) can trigger hepatocyte apoptosis, which is prevented by tauroursodesoxycholate (TUDC), but the effects of GCDC and TUDC on sinusoidal bile salt uptake via the Na+-taurocholate transporting polypeptide (Ntcp) are unclear. Methods: The effects of GCDC and TUDC on the plasma membrane localization of Ntcp were studied in perfused rat liver by means of immunofluorescence anal. and super-resolution microscopy. The underlying signaling events were investigated by Western blotting and inhibitor studies. Results: GCDC (20μmol/l) induced within 60 min a retrieval of Ntcp from the basolateral membrane into the cytosol, which was accompanied by an activating phosphorylation of the Src kinases Fyn and Yes. Both, Fyn activation and the GCDC-induced Ntcp retrieval from the plasma membrane were sensitive to the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine and the Src family kinase inhibitors SU6656 and PP-2, whereas PP-2 did not inhibit GCDC-induced Yes activation. Internalization of Ntcp by GCDC was also prevented by the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor Gö6850. TUDC (20μmol/l) reversed the GCDC-induced retrieval of Ntcp from the plasma membrane and prevented the activation of Fyn and Yes in GCDC-perfused rat livers. Reinsertion of Ntcp into the basolateral membrane in GCDC-perfused livers by TUDC was sensitive to the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89 and the integrin-inhibitory peptide GRGDSP, whereas the control peptide GRADSP was ineffective. Exposure of cultured rat hepatocytes to GCDC (50μmol/l, 15min) increased the fluorescence intensity of the reactive oxygen fluorescent indicator DCF to about 1.6-fold of untreated controls in a TUDC (50μmol/l)-sensitive way. GCDC caused a TUDC-sensitive canalicular dilatation without evidence for Bsep retrieval from the canalicular membrane. Conclusions: The present study suggests that GCDC triggers the retrieval of Ntcp from the basolateral membrane into the cytosol through an oxidative stress-dependent activation of Fyn. TUDC prevents the GCDC-induced Fyn activation and Ntcp retrieval through integrin-dependent activation of PKA.

Cellular Physiology & Biochemistry published new progress about 330161-87-0. 330161-87-0 belongs to indole-building-block, auxiliary class Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK,Src, name is SU6656, and the molecular formula is C19H21N3O3S, Category: indole-building-block.

Referemce:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41429-020-0333-2,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Tinivella, Annachiara published the artcileInvestigating the Selectivity of Allosteric Inhibitors for Mutant T790M EGFR over Wild Type Using Molecular Dynamics and Binding Free Energy Calculations, HPLC of Formula: 1942114-09-1, the publication is ACS Omega (2018), 3(12), 16556-16562, database is CAplus.

The recent discovery of the fourth generation EAI045 allosteric inhibitor, which potently and selectively inhibits mutant EGFR, represents an important step forward for the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the structural determinants of EAI045 selectivity with respect to the wild type (weight) protein have not been fully investigated. To this aim, the authors performed a comparative anal. of long-scale mol. dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations on weight and T790M EGFR in complex with the EAI001 and EAI045 allosteric ligands. Unexpectedly, the authors found that the observed selectivity for T790M EGFR over weight is not due to more favorable interactions of the two ligands with the mutated gatekeeper residue, as previously suggested. Rather, the allosteric ligands were engaged in a direct hydrogen bond with the Asp855 residue of the DFG motif in mutant T790M but not in weight, in which the hydrogen bond was found to be water-mediated. Per-residue decomposition of binding free energies suggest that the loss of a direct interaction with Asp855 is the main cause of inhibitor selectivity. Moreover, the possibility that the allosteric ligands and ATP may have synergistic binding effects, as previously observed in MEK allosteric inhibitors, was investigated. Altogether, the results suggest that ligand selectivity arises from direct hydrogen bonds with the Asp855 side chain, and that the design of mutant-selective inhibitors should be focused on ligands that form direct hydrogen bonds with Asp855 in T790M EGFR but not in weight EGFR. These results may provide useful hints for future structural design of mutant-selective allosteric inhibitors that spare weight EGFR, which is a highly desirable goal.

ACS Omega published new progress about 1942114-09-1. 1942114-09-1 belongs to indole-building-block, auxiliary class Indoline,Thiazole,Fluoride,Amine,Benzene,Amide,Alcohol,Protein Tyrosine Kinase/RTK, name is 2-(5-Fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)-N-(thiazol-2-yl)acetamide, and the molecular formula is C10H16O2, HPLC of Formula: 1942114-09-1.

Referemce:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41429-020-0333-2,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles

Colucci, Marie A. published the artcileSynthesis and Evaluation of 3-Aryloxymethyl-1,2-dimethylindole-4,7-diones as Mechanism-Based Inhibitors of NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) Activity, HPLC of Formula: 192820-78-3, the publication is Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2007), 50(23), 5780-5789, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 is a proposed target in pancreatic cancer. The synthesis of a series of indolequinones, e.g., I (H, NO₂, NH₂, CN, CF₃ or F), based on the 5- and 6-methoxy-1,2-dimethylindole-4,7-dione chromophores with a range of phenolic leaving groups at the (indol-3-yl)methyl position, is described. The ability of these indolequinones to function as mechanism-based inhibitors of purified recombinant human NQO1 was evaluated, as was their ability to inhibit both NQO1 and cell growth in human pancreatic MIA PaCa-2 tumor cells. The inhibition of rhNQO1 was related to the pK_a of the leaving group: compounds with poorer phenolic leaving groups were poor inhibitors whereas those with more acidic leaving groups were more efficient inhibitors. These inhibition data also correlated with the inhibition NQO1 in MIA PaCa-2 cells. However, the data demonstrated that NQO1 inhibition did not correlate with growth inhibitory activity, at least in the MIA PaCa-2 cell line, suggesting that targets in addition to NQO1 need to be considered to explain the potent growth inhibitory activity of this series of indolequinones in human pancreatic cancer cells.

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about 192820-78-3. 192820-78-3 belongs to indole-building-block, auxiliary class Fused/Partially Saturated Cycles,Dihydroindoles, name is 5-Methoxy-1,2-dimethyl-3-[(4-nitrophenoxy)methyl]indole-4,7-dione, and the molecular formula is C18H16N2O6, HPLC of Formula: 192820-78-3.

Referemce:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41429-020-0333-2,
Preparation of Indole Containing Building Blocks for the Regiospecific Construction of Indole Appended Pyrazoles and Pyrroles